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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...

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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

Published on: June 14, 2018

Single-molecule immunoassay technology: Recent advances.

Yi Wu¹, Yusheng Fu¹, Jiuchuan Guo¹

¹University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

|July 7, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Single-molecule immunoassays offer superior sensitivity for early disease detection compared to traditional methods like ELISA. These advanced techniques improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, paving the way for earlier and more effective treatments.

Keywords:

Digital ELISA Microfluidics Microwell arrays Single molecule

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Last Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

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Published on: June 14, 2018

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Computer Numerical Control Micromilling of a Microfluidic Acrylic Device with a Staggered Restriction for Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Immunoassays

Published on: June 23, 2022

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Molecular Diagnostics
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Traditional immunological assays (ELISA, chemiluminescence) lack sensitivity for early disease detection, with detection limits around 10⁻¹² to 10⁻¹⁶ mol/L.
Early disease detection at the molecular level is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the principles and equipment of two single-molecule immunoassay techniques.
To compare the performance and applications of microarray-based and microdroplet-based single-molecule immunoassays.
To highlight limitations and future trends for point-of-care applications of single-molecule immunoassays.

Main Methods:

Utilized microarray-based single-molecule immunoassay for high-throughput sample analysis.
Employed microdroplet-based single-molecule immunoassay for rapid generation of numerous detection compartments.
Compared sensitivity, efficiency, and speed against conventional immunological detection methods.

Main Results:

Achieved detection sensitivities of 10⁻¹⁸ mol/L, representing a 2-3 order of magnitude improvement over conventional assays.
Microarray technique processed 66 samples per hour, enhancing efficiency.
Microdroplet technique generated over 100 droplets per minute, significantly increasing speed.

Conclusions:

Single-molecule immunoassays provide significantly higher sensitivity and efficiency for biomarker detection compared to traditional methods.
Both microarray and microdroplet techniques show promise for advanced diagnostics, with distinct advantages in throughput and speed.
Further development is needed to overcome current limitations for widespread point-of-care implementation.