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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters

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The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

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Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

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The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
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Lactose in tablets: Functionality, critical material attributes, applications, modifications and co-processed

Chuting Shi1, Haiyue Zhao2, Ying Fang1

  • 1Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China.

Drug Discovery Today
|July 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lactose is a common pharmaceutical excipient. Understanding its critical material attributes (CMAs) and modifications is key to improving tablet quality and developing better lactose-based formulations.

Keywords:
co-processed excipientcritical material attributescritical quality attributeslactosemodificationquality by designtablet

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Lactose is a widely utilized excipient in pharmaceutical tablet formulations.
  • Its properties, including water solubility and flowability, are crucial for tablet manufacturing.
  • Understanding critical material attributes (CMAs) of lactose is essential for quality by design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functionality, CMAs, and applications of lactose in tablets.
  • To explore modifications and co-processing techniques for lactose.
  • To guide the development of improved lactose-based excipients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on lactose functionality in tablets.
  • Analysis of critical material attributes (CMAs) relevant to tablet formulation.
  • Examination of lactose modification and co-processing strategies.

Main Results:

  • Lactose's properties significantly impact tablet wettability and flowability.
  • Quality by Design principles highlight the importance of understanding lactose CMAs.
  • Modified and co-processed lactose can offer enhanced characteristics for tablet development.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of lactose functionality and CMAs is vital for pharmaceutical development.
  • Lactose modifications and co-processing offer avenues for creating superior excipients.
  • This review provides insights for optimizing lactose use in tablet formulations.