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microRNA-124 directly suppresses Nodal and Notch to regulate mesodermal development.

Kalin D Konrad1, Malcolm Arnott1, Michael Testa1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.

Developmental Biology
|July 7, 2023
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Summary

MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) regulates sea urchin embryo development by controlling mesodermal cell differentiation. It represses Nodal and Notch signaling pathways, impacting blastocoelar cell and pigment cell fates.

Keywords:
Blastocoelar cellsPigment cellsPost-transcriptional regulationSea urchin

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression.
  • MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is primarily studied for its role in neurogenesis.
  • The function of miR-124 in mesodermal cell differentiation remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the novel role of miR-124 in regulating mesodermal cell differentiation in sea urchin embryos.
  • To identify the downstream targets of miR-124 involved in cell fate decisions.
  • To elucidate the impact of miR-124 on the development of blastocoelar cells (BCs) and pigment cells (PCs).

Main Methods:

  • Expression analysis of miR-124 during sea urchin embryogenesis.
  • Functional studies involving inhibition of miR-124 and its targets (Nodal, Notch).
  • Analysis of cell differentiation markers for BCs and PCs using transcription factors (TFs).

Main Results:

  • miR-124 expression begins at the early blastula stage, coinciding with endomesodermal specification.
  • miR-124 directly represses Nodal and Notch signaling pathways.
  • Inhibition of miR-124 leads to increased BCs and decreased PCs, while Notch inhibition results in increased BCs and PCs, including hybrid cells.

Conclusions:

  • miR-124 plays a critical role in the binary fate decision between BCs and PCs in sea urchin embryos.
  • Regulation of Nodal and Notch signaling pathways by miR-124 is essential for proper mesodermal cell differentiation.
  • This study reveals a new function for miR-124 in regulating cell differentiation and proliferation via conserved signaling pathways.