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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose01:24

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A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
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miRNA dosage control in development and human disease.

Yingzi Cui1, Ye Qi2, Li Ding1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.

Trends in Cell Biology
|July 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Global microRNA (miRNA) dosage, not individual miRNAs, is key to cellular regulation. Controlling this dosage offers potential therapeutic strategies for various human diseases.

Keywords:
cancerdevelopmentdosage controlimmunitymiRNAnervous system

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression through base pairing with target mRNAs, forming complex networks.
  • Individual miRNA alterations often have limited impact on the overall miRNA regulatory network.
  • Recent research highlights the significance of global miRNA dosage control in physiological and pathological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of global miRNA dosage control mechanisms.
  • To explore the role of global miRNA dosage in development, tumorigenesis, neurophysiology, and immunity.
  • To propose therapeutic strategies targeting global miRNA dosage for human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on miRNA regulatory networks.
  • Analysis of studies investigating global miRNA dosage control.
  • Synthesis of findings related to miRNA dosage in various biological processes.

Main Results:

  • Global miRNA dosage, rather than individual miRNAs, plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis.
  • Tight control of global miRNA levels is essential for proper development, immune function, and neurological processes.
  • Dysregulation of global miRNA dosage is implicated in tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs function as cellular buffers, with global dosage being a critical determinant of cell fate.
  • Understanding and manipulating global miRNA dosage presents a promising avenue for therapeutic interventions.
  • Targeting global miRNA dosage control may offer novel treatments for a range of human diseases.