Evaluation of Trace Mineral Sources
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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Assessing Mineral Availability in Fish Feeds using Complementary Methods Demonstrated with the Example of Zinc in Atlantic Salmon
Published on: October 29, 2021
1Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, USA.
Abstract:
Several trace mineral sources, including inorganic, numerous organic, and hydroxychloride sources, are available for dietary supplementation or inclusion in a free-choice supplement. Inorganic forms of copper and manganese differ in their bioavailability. Although research results have been variable, organic and hydroxychloride trace minerals are generally considered more bioavailable than inorganic sources. Research indicates that fiber digestibility is lower in ruminants fed sulfate trace minerals compared with hydroxychloride and some organic sources. Compared with free-choice supplements, individual dosing with rumen boluses or injectable forms ensures that each animal receives the same quantity of a trace mineral.
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