Development of an alternative device for measurement and characterization of selected meteorological parameters

Weather monitoring and forecasting during some of nature's most violent events, such as lightning and thunder, necessitates immediate preventive action for improved agricultural precision, power equipment effectiveness among others. Weather stations that are all-in-one for villages, low-income communities, and cities could provide a dependable, cost-effective, robust, and user-friendly solution. A wide range of low-cost weather monitoring stations equipped with ground-based and satellite-based lightning detectors are available on the market. This paper develops a low-cost real-time data logger device that measures lightning strikes and other weather parameters. Temperature and relative humidity are detected and recorded by the sensor (BME280). The sensing unit, readout circuit unit, microcontroller unit, recording unit, real-time clock, display unit, and power supply unit are the seven sections of the lightning detector with a real-time data logger. The sensing unit of the instrument is made of a lightning sensor glued to a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to prevent moisture inflow and short circuit. The readout circuit consists of a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter and a filter designed to improve the output signal of the lightning detector. It was programmed with C-language and tested using the integrated development environment on the Arduino-Uno microcontroller (IDE). The device was calibrated, and its accuracy was determined using data from a standard lightning detector instrument from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET).