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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Quantum Energy Current Induced Coherence in a Spin Chain under Non-Markovian Environments.

Arapat Ablimit1, Run-Hong He1, Yang-Yang Xie1

  • 1College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 8, 2023
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This study explores energy current and coherence in quantum spin chains interacting with baths. Strong non-Markovianity and cold baths enhance coherence, while warm baths degrade it, impacting energy flow.

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energy currentnon-Markovian dynamicsquantum coherence

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Open quantum systems are crucial for understanding thermalization.
  • Quantum spin chains interacting with baths are fundamental models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate energy current and coherence dynamics in a quantum spin chain.
  • Analyze the influence of non-Markovian baths and temperature differences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the non-Markovian quantum state diffusion (NMQSD) equation approach.
  • Calculated time-dependent energy current and coherence dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Strong non-Markovianity, weak system-bath interaction, and low temperature differences maintain coherence and reduce energy current.
  • Warm baths diminish coherence, while cold baths enhance it.
  • Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and magnetic fields alter energy current and coherence, with minimal coherence at a critical magnetic field indicating a phase transition.

Conclusions:

  • System coherence is sensitive to bath properties and external fields.
  • Non-Markovian effects and bath temperatures play critical roles in energy transport and quantum coherence.