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Related Concept Videos

Field Application of Global Positioning System01:28

Field Application of Global Positioning System

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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Types of Global Positioning System Surveys01:30

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GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
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Introduction to Global Positioning System01:30

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) revolutionized positioning on Earth, providing precise location data through satellite ranging. The GPS system was developed in 1978 by the U.S. Department of Defense  for military use, and it became available for civilian applications in 1983, transforming fields including navigation, fleet management, and time synchronization for telecommunications systems.GPS consists of satellites in medium Earth orbit, about 20,200 kilometers above the surface,...
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Gyroscope01:02

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A gyroscope is defined as a spinning disk in which the axis of rotation is free to assume any orientation. When spinning, the orientation of the spin axis is unaffected by the orientation of the body that encloses it. The body or vehicle enclosing the gyroscope can be moved from place to place, while the orientation of the spin axis remains the same. This makes gyroscopes very useful in navigation, especially where magnetic compasses cannot be used, such as in crewed and crewless spacecraft,...
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Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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Precession can be demonstrated effectively through a spinning top. If a spinning top is placed on a flat surface near the surface of the Earth at a vertical angle and is not spinning, it will fall over due to the force of gravity producing a torque acting on its center of mass. However, if the top is spinning on its axis, it precesses about the vertical direction, rather than topple over due to this torque. Precessional motion is a combination of a steady circular motion of the axis and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
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Application and Development of Fiber Optic Gyroscope Inertial Navigation System in Underground Space.

Hang Xu1,2, Lu Wang1,2, Yutong Zu1,2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Deep GeoDrilling Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Fiber Optic Gyroscope Inertial Navigation Systems (FOG-INS) provide high-precision navigation for underground applications like directional drilling and trenchless pipelaying. This review covers FOG-INS technology, applications, and future trends in underground engineering.

Keywords:
FOG-INSMWDfiber optic gyroscopesinclinometerpipe-jacking guidance system

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Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Navigation Systems
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Fiber Optic Gyroscope Inertial Navigation Systems (FOG-INS) offer high-precision positioning, velocity, and attitude data.
  • FOG-INS are crucial in aerospace, marine, and vehicle navigation.
  • Recent advancements highlight FOG-INS's growing importance in underground applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extensively review the application status and latest progress of FOG-INS in underground space.
  • To introduce measurement principles and product technologies of FOG-INS for underground use.
  • To identify research hot spots, technical challenges, and future trends in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of FOG-INS applications in underground space, focusing on inclinometers, measurement while drilling (MWD) units, and pipe-jacking guidance systems.
  • Introduction to the measurement principles and product technologies of relevant FOG-INS.
  • Summary of current research and identification of future development trends.

Main Results:

  • FOG-INS are effectively applied in deep earth directional drilling for enhanced resource recovery.
  • In shallow earth, FOG-INS serve as high-precision positioning for trenchless underground pipelaying.
  • The review categorizes applications into FOG inclinometers, MWD units, and pipe-jacking guidance systems.

Conclusions:

  • FOG-INS technology is vital for advancing precision navigation in diverse underground environments.
  • Further research in FOG-INS for underground space offers new avenues for scientific inquiry and engineering practice.
  • Key technical issues and future trends are identified to guide subsequent research and applications.