Microwave Passive Direction-Finding Method Based on NV Color Center in Diamond.

Area of Science:

• Quantum Sensing
• Microwave Engineering
• Electromagnetics

Background:

• Accurate microwave source localization is crucial for various applications.
• Existing direction-finding methods often require complex systems and significant power.
• There is a need for compact, low-power, and high-precision microwave sensing solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish a passive direction-finding scheme utilizing quantum precision sensing.
• To develop a system capable of measuring microwave frequency, intensity, and angle in a compact form factor.
• To demonstrate the feasibility of quantum sensors for advanced microwave direction measurements.

Main Methods:

• Implemented a passive direction-finding scheme based on microwave power measurement.
• Utilized microwave-frequency proportion integration differentiation control and coherent population oscillation for intensity detection.
• Employed the weighted global least squares method for calculating the microwave source direction angle.

Main Results:

• Achieved a minimum microwave intensity resolution of -20 dBm.
• Measured microwave emission intensity in the range of 12~26 dBm.
• Obtained an average angle measurement error of 0.24° and a maximum error of 0.48° within a -15°~15° measurement range.

Conclusions:

• Successfully established a compact, low-power microwave passive direction-finding scheme.
• Demonstrated the potential of quantum precision sensing for high-accuracy microwave measurements.
• Provided a foundation for future applications of quantum sensors in microwave direction finding.