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Association of probiotic use with nivolumab effectiveness against various cancers: A multicenter retrospective cohort
Junya Arai1,2, Ryota Niikura3, Yoku Hayakawa1
1Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Background:
Previous studies have revealed an association between probiotic use and effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal and lung cancers. However, little is known regarding other cancers, including gastrointestinal cancer.
Methods:
To address this issue, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study and the duration of nivolumab treatment for various cancers was compared between probiotic users and non-users.
Results And Conclusions:
In total, 488 patients who received nivolumab therapy were included. In all cancers, no significant differences in treatment duration of nivolumab were observed between probiotic users and non-users (median 62.0 vs. 56.0, hazard ratio = 1.02, p = 0.825), whereas probiotic use, compared with non-use, in patients with gastric cancer was significantly associated with a longer duration of nivolumab treatment (55.0 vs. 31.0 days, hazard ratio = 0.69, p = 0.039). In conclusion, probiotics may improve the response to nivolumab and potentially prolong progression-free survival in patients with gastric cancer.
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