Analysis of spatial correlation networks of carbon emissions in emerging economies

Studies have shown that energy consumption from economic development leads to an increase in carbon emissions. Emerging economies, as important sources of carbon emissions with high growth potential, play a crucial role in global decarbonisation efforts. However, the spatial pattern and evolution trend of carbon emissions in emerging economies have not been studied in depth. Therefore, this paper uses the improved gravitational model and carbon emission data from 2000 to 2018 to construct a spatial correlation network of carbon emissions in 30 emerging economies around the world, aiming to reveal the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emissions at the national level. The results show that the spatial network structure of carbon emissions in emerging economies is closely linked, forming a "big network" of interconnection. Amongst them, Argentina, Brazil, Russia, Estonia, etc. are at the centre of the network and play a leading role. Geographical distance, economic development level, population density, and scientific and technological level have a significant impact on the formation of spatial correlation between carbon emissions. Further use of GeoDetector shows that the explanatory power of two-factor interaction on centrality is greater than that of a single factor, indicating that a single economic development cannot well enhance the influence of countries in the carbon emission network, and needs to be combined with factors such as industrial structure and scientific and technological level. These results are helpful to understand the correlation between carbon emissions between countries from the perspective of the whole and part and provide a reference for optimizing the carbon emission network structure in the future.