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Impaired salience network switching in psychopathy.

Philip Deming1, Cole J Cook2, Mary E Meyerand3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Behavioural Brain Research
|July 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The salience network (SN) helps switch attention between brain networks. In psychopathy, this SN switching role is diminished, impacting attention allocation. This finding supports a new theory of brain function in psychopathy.

Keywords:
Dynamic causal modelingMRINeuroimagingPsychopathySalience network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Psychopathy is linked to altered brain network connectivity, affecting attention.
  • The default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and salience network (SN) are key for attention.
  • The SN's role in switching between DMN and FPN is crucial for efficient attention allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the salience network (SN) in switching between the default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN) in individuals with psychopathy.
  • To test the hypothesis that the SN's switching function is diminished in psychopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state fMRI data from 148 incarcerated men were analyzed using independent component analysis to identify DMN, FPN, and SN activity.
  • Dynamic causal modeling was employed to assess the SN's role in switching between the DMN and FPN.

Main Results:

  • The SN's switching effect between DMN and FPN was replicated in low psychopathy participants.
  • A significant diminution of the SN's switching role was observed in high psychopathy participants.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a novel theory of brain function in psychopathy, highlighting a compromised SN switching mechanism.
  • Disrupted SN switching may underlie abnormal attention allocation in individuals with high psychopathy.
  • This model provides a framework for future research on psychopathy and attention deficits.