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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: A New and Efficient Method for Comprehensive Metabolite Cytotoxicity Assessment of Triazole Pesticides in Plants
Published on: December 22, 2023
Non-target biotransformation enzymes as a target for triazole-zinc mixtures
Jana Jaklová Dytrtová1, Kateřina Bělonožníková2, Michal Jakl3
1Charles University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Sport Sciences-Biomedical Department, José Martího 269/31, 162 52, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Abstract:
Triazoles inhibit lanosterol 14α-demethylase and block ergosterol biosynthesis in fungal pathogens. However, they also interact with other cytochrome P450 enzymes and influence non-target metabolic pathways. Disturbingly, triazoles may interact with essential elements. The interaction of penconazole (Pen), cyproconazole (Cyp) and tebuconazole (Teb) with Zn2+ results in the formation of deprotonated ligands in their complexes or in the creation of complexes with Cl- as a counterion or doubly charged complexes. Triazoles, as well as their equimolar cocktails with Zn2+ (10-6 mol/L), decreased the activities of the non-target enzymes CYP19A1 and CYP3A4. Pen most decreased CYP19A1 activity and was best bound to its active centre to block the catalytic cycle in computational analysis. For CYP3A4, Teb was found to be the most effective inhibitor by both, activity assay and interaction with the active centre. Teb/Cyp/Zn2+ and Teb/Pen/Cyp/Zn2+ cocktails also decreased the CYP19A1 activity, which was in correlation with the formation of numerous triazole-Zn2+ complexes.
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