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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

380
The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
380
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

14
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
14
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

26
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
26
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

27
In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
27
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

15
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
15
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

11
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
11

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Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction in Newborns.

Jaime Flores-Torres1, Amarilis Sanchez-Valle2, Jose R Duncan3

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa General Hospital, 5 Tampa General Circle HMT 4th Floor, Suite 450, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.

Advances in Pediatrics
|July 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is a rare congenital defect affecting fetal kidney development. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe outcomes like end-stage renal disease and pulmonary hypoplasia.

Keywords:
End-stage renal diseaseLower urinary tract obstructionPosterior urethral valvesPrune belly syndromePulmonary hypoplasiaUrethral atresia

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is a rare but significant congenital abnormality.
  • It is a leading cause of congenital abnormalities of the renal tract.
  • LUTO is associated with various genetic conditions and common causes include posterior urethral valves and urethral atresia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of lower urinary tract obstruction.
  • To highlight the prevalence, causes, and consequences of LUTO.
  • To underscore the importance of addressing LUTO in prenatal and postnatal care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on LUTO.
  • Analysis of prevalence data and associated conditions.
  • Synthesis of information on diagnostic and treatment challenges.

Main Results:

  • LUTO affects 1 in 5,000 to 1 in 25,000 pregnancies.
  • Posterior urethral valves and urethral atresia are the most frequent causes.
  • Despite treatments, LUTO leads to significant morbidity and mortality in newborns.

Conclusions:

  • LUTO is a critical condition requiring timely intervention.
  • It frequently results in end-stage renal disease and pulmonary hypoplasia.
  • Further research and improved management strategies are essential for better outcomes.