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Tools for measuring individual self-care capability: a scoping review.

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Self-care measurement tools are crucial for health, but few assess all seven pillars of self-care. Developing a comprehensive tool is needed to inform health interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Sciences
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Medicine

Background:

  • Self-care is vital for preventing and managing diverse health conditions, including chronic diseases.
  • Numerous tools exist to measure self-care capabilities in various populations.
  • A comprehensive review of non-disease-specific self-care measurement tools for adults was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize non-disease-specific self-care measurement tools for adults.
  • To assess the content, structure, and psychometric properties of these tools.
  • To evaluate the alignment of existing tools with the Seven Pillars of Self-Care framework.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review was conducted using Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases.
  • Searches covered 1950–2022, including terms for health literacy, capability, and general self-care practices in adults.
  • Tools were excluded if solely for disease management or specific medical contexts; content was assessed using the Seven Pillars of Self-Care framework.

Main Results:

  • 38 relevant self-care measurement tools were identified from 26,304 reports.
  • A shift was observed from rehabilitation-focused to prevention-focused tools.
  • Most tools utilized self-reporting, and only five addressed all seven pillars of self-care.

Conclusions:

  • Existing self-care measurement tools rarely assess all seven pillars of self-care.
  • A need exists for a comprehensive, validated, and accessible tool to measure broad self-care capabilities.
  • Such a tool could enhance the development of targeted health and social care interventions.