Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 24, 2025
A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia
Published on: October 10, 2020
Immediate Effects of Mulligan Mobilization on Elbow Proprioception in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized
Kevser Sevik Kacmaz1, Bayram Unver2
1Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of Mulligan's mobilization with movement (MWM) on elbow proprioception.
Methods:
The study included 26 participants in the intervention group and 30 participants in the control group. The intervention group received MWM, while the control group received a sham application. Proprioception was assessed with joint position sense error at baseline, immediately after mobilization, and 30 minutes after mobilization with 70° and 110° of elbow flexion. The hypothesis of interest was the group × time interaction.
Results:
At 110° of elbow flexion, group × time interaction was significant (F[2, 108] = 11.48, P = .001). In the paired comparisons, there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the control group in the first measurement (P = .003). No difference was detected in other time points (P = 1.00). At 70° of elbow flexion, there was no significant difference between the time point × group interaction (F[2, 108] = 1.37, P = .10). Therefore, no pairwise comparison was made.
Conclusion:
In this study of healthy participants, no immediate difference was found between MWM and sham application on elbow proprioception.
