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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

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Published on: January 16, 2015
When Emphysema Meets Fibrosis: A Pictorial Essay
Margherita Damiani Ferretti1, Maria Rita Rimondi2, Maurizio Zompatori3
1Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna.
Airspace enlargement with fibrosis (AEF) is a common smoking-related lung condition that is often misdiagnosed. This essay aims to familiarize radiologists and pulmonologists with AEF to ensure accurate identification and terminology.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Radiology
- Pathology
Background:
- Smoking is a major cause of lung diseases, often presenting with multiple concurrent patterns.
- Airspace enlargement with fibrosis (AEF) is an understudied smoking-related lung condition.
- AEF may be misclassified due to overlapping features with other lung diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To increase awareness and understanding of Airspace enlargement with fibrosis (AEF).
- To provide guidance on the radiological recognition of AEF.
- To promote the correct use of AEF terminology among clinicians.
Main Methods:
- This work is a pictorial essay.
- It focuses on the radiological features of AEF.
- It aims to differentiate AEF from conditions with similar presentations.
Main Results:
- AEF is a distinct clinicoradiological entity.
- Radiological findings of AEF are presented and discussed.
- Potential misdiagnoses and their implications are highlighted.
Conclusions:
- AEF is likely underdiagnosed and underreported.
- Accurate identification of AEF is crucial for appropriate patient management and prognosis.
- Clinicians should be aware of AEF and its specific imaging characteristics.
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