Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

1.6K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.6K
Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion01:20

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

475
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
475
Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck01:29

Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck

523
Hans and Sybil Eysenck developed a widely recognized theory of personality, which emphasizes the role of temperament and genetically based differences in shaping individual traits. Their theory posits that biological factors primarily determine personality and can be understood through two main dimensions: extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability.
In the extroversion/introversion dimension, highly extroverted people are sociable, outgoing, and easily connect with others. In contrast,...
523
Physiological Theories: Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion01:22

Physiological Theories: Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

631
The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, proposed by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard, challenges the notion that emotions are solely the result of physiological responses. Instead, this theory suggests that emotional experiences and physiological arousal occur simultaneously but operate through independent mechanisms. This dual response is initiated by the brain, specifically by the thalamus, which plays a critical role in processing sensory information.
Upon perceiving a stimulus, such as a dangerous...
631
Perception01:28

Perception

511
Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
511
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

146
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
146

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Measuring Theory of Mind: A Multiple-Choice Response Format Version of the Short Story Task.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders·2026
Same author

A registered conceptual replication and extension of Gable and Harmon-Jones (2008): does motivational intensity, valence, or perceptual focality drive attentional breadth?

Cognition & emotion·2025
Same author

A meta-analysis on the relationship between subjective cognitive failures as measured by the cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and objective performance on executive function tasks.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2024
Same author

Individual differences in emotion-induced blindness: Are they reliable and what do they measure?

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2024
Same author

Reduced low-prevalence visual search detriment with increasing age: Implications for cognitive theories of aging and real-world search tasks.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2024
Same author

Four best-practice recommendations for improving the conceptualization and operationalization of motivational intensity: Reply to Kaczmarek and Harmon-Jones.

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content
07:21

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Published on: June 29, 2016

38.8K

Individual differences in emotional reactions to bistable perception.

Stephanie C Goodhew1, Mark Edwards1

  • 1School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

Journal of Personality
|July 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Individual emotional responses to bistable images vary significantly. Psychological factors like intolerance of uncertainty and empathy influence these reactions, impacting consciousness research.

Keywords:
bistable imagesbistable perceptionemotionempathyintolerance of uncertaintytheory of mind

More Related Videos

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.4K
Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention
05:36

Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention

Published on: November 16, 2017

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 24, 2025

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content
07:21

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Published on: June 29, 2016

38.8K
Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.4K
Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention
05:36

Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention

Published on: November 16, 2017

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Bistable images, featuring dual interpretations, are traditionally used to study consciousness.
  • This research explores the emotional responses elicited by bistable images.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if individual differences exist in emotional reactions to bistable images.
  • To identify psychological predictors of these emotional responses.

Main Methods:

  • Adult participants viewed three bistable images.
  • Emotional reactions to perceptual ambiguity were rated.
  • Measures of intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and negative affect were administered.

Main Results:

  • Significant individual variations in emotional responses were observed, ranging from negative to positive.
  • Intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive empathy, and negative affect were linked to emotional responses.
  • Affective empathy did not show a significant correlation.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional reactions to bistable images can influence studies on non-emotional perceptual and cognitive processes.
  • Analyzing these reactions offers insights into how individuals perceive ambiguous stimuli and interpret the world.