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Rhinofacial Conidiobolomycosis - A rare fungal infection of tropics

Dipankar Pal1, Selwyn Selva Kumar D2

  • 1MBBS, DTCD, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.

Tropical Doctor
|July 10, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Fungal sinusitis, caused by fungi like Mucorales and Aspergillus, can affect immunocompromised individuals. Entomophthorales, a rare cause, may occur in healthy persons with soil contact, presenting without bone invasion but mimicking tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Fungal sinusitis is an infection of the nasal passages and sinuses caused by filamentous fungi.
  • Key fungal genera implicated include Mucorales, Aspergillus, and Entomophthorales.
  • Risk factors vary, with immunocompromised states linked to Mucormycosis and Aspergillosis, while Entomophthorales is associated with soil contact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics of fungal sinusitis caused by Mucorales, Aspergillus, and Entomophthorales.
  • To differentiate the risk factors and clinical presentation of these fungal infections.
  • To highlight the potential for misdiagnosis due to the mimicry of soft tissue neoplasms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical cases and literature on fungal sinusitis.
  • Analysis of causative fungal agents and their associated risk factors.
  • Examination of clinical manifestations, including tissue involvement and invasion patterns.

Main Results:

  • Mucormycosis and Aspergillosis are specifically associated with immunocompromised states.
  • Entomophthorales, though rare, can affect apparently healthy individuals with soil exposure.
  • Entomophthorales typically involves nasal mucosa, sinuses, and facial soft tissues without bony or vascular invasion.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal sinusitis presents diverse etiologies and risk profiles.
  • Entomophthorales is a rare fungal sinusitis entity characterized by mucosal and soft tissue involvement without angioinvasion.
  • The relentless growth of Entomophthorales can lead to facial disfigurement, mimicking malignancy.
Keywords:
EntomophthoralesSplendore–Hoeppli phenomenonitraconazolepotassium iodidesinusitis

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