Ocular surface complications following biological therapy for cancer

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Oncology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Biological agents have revolutionized cancer treatment over the last 20 years.
• These novel therapies can lead to unexpected adverse outcomes, particularly affecting the cornea.
• Ocular complications are an emerging concern in cancer patients undergoing biological therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the adverse corneal complications associated with biological cancer therapies.
• To discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of these ocular surface issues.
• To highlight the importance of collaborative care between different medical specialties.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of adverse corneal events linked to biological cancer agents.
• Focus on epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
• Analysis of reported ocular surface complications, including dry eye and transplant rejection.

Main Results:

• Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are frequently associated with corneal adverse events.
• Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been linked to dry eye, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and corneal transplant rejection.
• Ocular surface complications represent a significant challenge in managing patients on biological cancer therapies.

Conclusions:

• Adverse corneal events are a notable side effect of modern biological cancer treatments.
• Effective management necessitates close collaboration among ophthalmologists, dermatologists, and oncologists.
• Further research into the pathophysiology and treatment of these complications is warranted.