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Related Concept Videos

CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents01:22

CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents

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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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Hallucinogens and Psychedelics01:27

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics

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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains...
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Altered States of Awareness01:06

Altered States of Awareness

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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
The ingestion of substances like stimulants or hallucinogens leads to chemical alterations in the brain...
247
An Overview of Psychoactive Drugs01:28

An Overview of Psychoactive Drugs

260
Psychoactive drugs impact brain function, influencing perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior. These substances are grouped based on their effects and the mechanisms by which they act.
Stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, and nicotine enhance brain activity, leading to increased alertness, attention, and energy. These drugs typically raise heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. While they can induce feelings of euphoria, their misuse can result in severe health...
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

170
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

HSV-Mediated Transgene Expression of Chimeric Constructs to Study Behavioral Function of GPCR Heteromers in Mice
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Pattern breaking: a complex systems approach to psychedelic medicine.

Inês Hipólito1,2, Jonas Mago3,4, Fernando E Rosas5,6,7,8,9

  • 1Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany.

Neuroscience of Consciousness
|July 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychedelics destabilize psychological and neurophysiological patterns, enhancing mental health therapy. This framework explains how increased brain entropy aids in breaking rigid thinking and optimizing psychedelic treatments.

Keywords:
complex systems theoryentropic brainfree-energy principlepsychedelicspsychological experience

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Psychedelic therapy shows promise for mental health treatment.
  • The underlying psychological mechanisms of psychedelic therapy are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a framework explaining the psychological and neurophysiological effects of psychedelics.
  • To explore how psychedelics destabilize cognitive and neural patterns.
  • To offer insights for optimizing psychedelic medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a complex systems theory perspective.
  • Integrating the 'entropic brain' hypothesis and the 'RElaxed Beliefs Under pSychedelics' (REBUS) model.
  • Focusing on the richness of psychological experience during psychedelic use.

Main Results:

  • Psychedelics act as destabilizers, disrupting fixed psychological and neurophysiological states.
  • Increased brain entropy, a key finding, contributes to destabilizing neurophysiological set points.
  • This destabilization facilitates the breaking of reinforced patterns of thought and behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework offers a new conceptualization of psychedelic psychotherapy.
  • Insights are crucial for risk mitigation and treatment optimization in psychedelic medicine.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for both acute and subacute phases of psychedelic treatment.