Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

236
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
236
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

305
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
305
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

600
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
600
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

208
α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
208
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

189
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
189
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

1.0K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mirizzi Syndrome Mimicking Cholangiocarcinoma Complicated by Infected Biloma Formation Following Complex Biliary Intervention: A Case Report.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis in a Young Woman With Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: A Case Report of an Atypical Presentation Associated With an Ultra-Rare CACNA1S Variant.

Clinical case reports·2026
Same author

First Reported Case of Upadacitinib-Associated Cytomegalovirus Viremia and Suspected Pneumonitis in Ulcerative Colitis.

ACG case reports journal·2026
Same author

Simultaneous Onset of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Rare Case.

Cureus·2025
Same author

Phase separation of TTBK2 and CEP164 is necessary for ciliogenesis.

Cell reports·2025
Same author

Guillain-Barré Syndrome Following Moderna Spikevax Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccine: A Case Analysis.

HCA healthcare journal of medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies
07:29

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies

Published on: June 20, 2015

19.7K

Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis: A Case Report.

Joshua Santoli1, Jamie Lee Aldakkour1, Hossein Tohidi1

  • 1HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME: HCA Florida Blake Hospital.

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine
|July 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Metformin toxicity can lead to severe lactic acidosis, especially in patients with renal insufficiency. Prompt identification and treatment, including hemodialysis, are crucial for patient survival.

Keywords:
lactic acidosismetabolic acidosismetformin, metformin/adverse effectsrenal failuretoxicitytype 2 diabetes mellitus

More Related Videos

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
11:06

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Published on: January 31, 2022

4.5K
Fixation and Operational Method for Abdominal Massage in T2DM Mice
06:00

Fixation and Operational Method for Abdominal Massage in T2DM Mice

Published on: March 7, 2025

243

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies
07:29

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies

Published on: June 20, 2015

19.7K
Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
11:06

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Published on: January 31, 2022

4.5K
Fixation and Operational Method for Abdominal Massage in T2DM Mice
06:00

Fixation and Operational Method for Abdominal Massage in T2DM Mice

Published on: March 7, 2025

243

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Toxicology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Metformin is a widely used first-line treatment for diabetes due to its efficacy and safety profile.
  • However, its use is contraindicated in patients with renal insufficiency due to the risk of metformin accumulation and lactic acidosis.
  • A black box warning highlights the potential for metformin-induced lactic acidosis to cause fatal arrhythmias.

Observation:

  • A 62-year-old male presented with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and decreased urine output after prolonged heat exposure.
  • He exhibited signs of distress, including diaphoresis, tachypnea, and hypertension.
  • His condition rapidly deteriorated, necessitating intubation and mechanical ventilation.

Findings:

  • The patient's symptoms were attributed to metformin toxicity, likely exacerbated by dehydration and renal impairment.
  • Treatment with dextrose, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium gluconate provided temporary support.
  • Hemodialysis was initiated, leading to a rapid and complete recovery.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical importance of recognizing metformin toxicity in patients with risk factors such as renal insufficiency and dehydration.
  • Early and aggressive treatment, particularly hemodialysis, can be life-saving.
  • Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for metformin-induced lactic acidosis in patients presenting with compatible symptoms.