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Measuring Motor Coordination in Mice
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Motor learning in developmental coordination disorder: behavioral and neuroimaging study.

Emad Al-Yahya1,2, Patrick Esser3, Benjamin D Weedon3

  • 1School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.

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|July 10, 2023
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Summary

Adolescents with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) can learn new motor skills, showing improved performance and distinct brain activity patterns, especially under complex conditions. Targeted interventions can enhance participation in physical activities.

Keywords:
MRIdevelopmental coordination disorderfNIRSfrontoparietal networksmotor controlprefrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) involves motor learning deficits, with underlying mechanisms in whole-body activities poorly understood.
  • Adolescents with DCD often have lower fitness levels, impacting their participation in physical activities and sports.
  • Understanding motor skill acquisition in DCD requires examining cognitive and neural underpinnings during complex tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate motor skill acquisition and its neural mechanisms in adolescents with and without DCD using advanced imaging and motion capture.
  • To compare motor performance and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation between adolescents with DCD and peers with low fitness during a novel stepping task.
  • To explore the relationship between neuroimaging findings (MRI) and motor task performance in adolescents with DCD.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a 7-week interventional trial with 86 adolescents (48 with DCD) with low fitness levels on a novel stepping task.
  • Assessed motor performance under single- and dual-task conditions, measuring cortical activation in the PFC using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
  • Utilized structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine brain structure and function related to motor learning.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with DCD demonstrated comparable learning and improvement in the stepping task to peers with low fitness.
  • Both groups improved significantly, but DCD group showed a significant difference between single- and dual-task conditions at follow-up.
  • Distinct PFC activation patterns were observed in adolescents with DCD during motor task learning and performance, especially under dual-task conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescents with DCD exhibit unique prefrontal activation responses during motor skill acquisition, particularly when task complexity increases.
  • Motor performance and learning in DCD are influenced by brain structure and function, suggesting potential for targeted interventions.
  • Strategies addressing task complexity and enhancing brain activity can improve physical activity participation for adolescents with low fitness and DCD.