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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Published on: August 30, 2011
Delayed primacy recall performance predicts post mortem Alzheimer's disease pathology from unimpaired ante mortem
Davide Bruno1, Kristina M Gicas2, Ainara Jauregi Zinkunegi1
1School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
Introduction:
We propose a novel method to assess delayed primacy in the CERAD memory test. We then examine whether this measure predicts post mortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in individuals who were clinically unimpaired at baseline.
Methods:
A total of 1096 individuals were selected from the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center database registry. All participants were clinically unimpaired at baseline, and had subsequently undergone brain autopsy. Average age at baseline was 78.8 (6.92). A Bayesian regression analysis was carried out with global pathology as outcome; demographic, clinical and APOE data as covariates; and cognitive predictors, including delayed primacy.
Results:
Global AD pathology was best predicted by delayed primacy. Secondary analyses showed that delayed primacy was mostly associated with neuritic plaques, whereas total delayed recall was associated with neurofibrillary tangles.
Discussion:
We conclude that CERAD-derived delayed primacy is a useful metric for early detection and diagnosis of AD in unimpaired individuals.
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