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Related Experiment Videos

Vector mapping of myocardial activation.

A H Kadish, J F Spear, J H Levine

    Circulation
    |September 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study shows that vector loops accurately map epicardial activation direction in normal and infarcted hearts. This technique aids in understanding cardiac activation and mapping arrhythmias like tachycardia.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Electrophysiology
    • Medical Instrumentation

    Background:

    • Epicardial activation mapping is crucial for understanding cardiac arrhythmias.
    • Accurate determination of impulse propagation direction is essential for effective mapping.
    • Existing methods may have limitations in complex cardiac conditions like myocardial infarction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the accuracy of vector loops generated from orthogonal bipolar electrograms for mapping epicardial activation.
    • To compare vector loop-indicated activation direction with multipoint isochronal mapping in normal and infarcted canine myocardium.
    • To assess the utility of vector loop mapping in identifying the direction of impulse propagation during ventricular tachycardia.

    Main Methods:

    Related Experiment Videos

  • A custom four-electrode probe was used to record orthogonal bipolar electrograms from the epicardium.
  • Electrograms were vector summed to generate vector loops at each recording site.
  • Epicardial impulse propagation was mapped using multipoint isochronal activation mapping for comparison.
  • Conduction velocity and electrogram characteristics were analyzed in relation to fiber orientation.

    • Main Results:

    • Vector loop maximum deflection showed excellent correlation (r2 = .95) with isochronal mapping, with a median error of 13 degrees.
    • Electrograms in infarcted areas were significantly longer in duration and lower in amplitude compared to normal areas.
    • Vector loops accurately indicated epicardial activation direction even in infarcted myocardium, with 98% of sites yielding clear maximum deflection.
    • Conduction velocity was significantly faster along the fiber orientation (0.618 m/sec) than transverse to it (0.304 m/sec).

    Conclusions:

    • Vector loops generated from orthogonal bipolar electrograms provide an accurate representation of epicardial activation direction.
    • This method is effective in both normal and infarcted myocardial tissue.
    • Vector loop mapping holds potential for improving the diagnosis and understanding of cardiac tachyarrhythmias and activation processes.