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Related Concept Videos

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The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Ageing.

Angelo Arleo1, Martin Bareš2,3, Jessica A Bernard4,5

  • 1Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.

Cerebellum (London, England)
|July 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging significantly impacts cerebellar circuitry, affecting motor, cognitive, and affective functions. Understanding these changes is crucial for addressing age-related decline and brain disorders like Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder.

Keywords:
AffectiveAgingAlzheimer’s DiseaseCerebellumCognitiveMotor

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The cerebellum is vital for motor, cognitive, and affective functions, including timing and spatial navigation.
  • Aging leads to structural and functional changes in the cerebellum, contributing to mobility frailty and cognitive impairment.
  • Cerebellar volume reduction correlates with age and cognitive decline, though motor timing may remain stable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of aging on cerebellar circuitry and its functions.
  • To investigate the cerebellum's role in age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and major depressive disorder (MDD).
  • To identify potential interventions for maintaining cerebellar function in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging studies examining cerebellar structure and function in aging, AD, and MDD.
  • Analysis of genetic and epigenetic factors influencing cerebellar changes with age.
  • Consideration of non-invasive cerebellar stimulation techniques.

Main Results:

  • Aging is associated with cerebellar volume loss and altered functional connectivity, particularly in the cerebello-frontal network and default mode network (DMN).
  • Cerebellar gray matter loss in AD differs from normal aging, with early involvement of posterior regions.
  • Depressive symptoms and MDD correlate with reduced cerebellar gray matter volume.

Conclusions:

  • Macroscopic and microscopic cerebellar changes occur throughout life, impacting connectivity with the cortex and basal ganglia.
  • Clarifying age-related cerebellar modifications is essential for preventing or treating motor, cognitive, and affective symptoms in aging and brain disorders.
  • Lifelong learning and non-invasive stimulation may enhance cerebellar reserve and mitigate age-related decline.