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A Flexible Design Strategy for Three-Element Non-Uniform Linear Arrays.
Andrea Quirini1, Francesca Filippini1, Carlo Bongioanni1
1Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications DIET, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 11, 2023
Summary
This study presents a new design strategy for non-uniform linear arrays (NULAs) to accurately estimate the direction of arrival (DoA) using fewer sensors. The method improves accuracy by controlling errors from outliers, making it ideal for low-cost applications.
Area of Science:
- Signal Processing
- Array Signal Processing
- Electromagnetics
Background:
- Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation is crucial for source localization.
- Non-uniform Linear Arrays (NULAs) offer advantages in accuracy with fewer elements.
- Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) performance degrades with outliers, especially in non-asymptotic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a flexible design strategy for a three-element NULA for robust DoA estimation.
- To enhance DoA accuracy by mitigating outlier effects on the MLE.
- To develop a design approach suitable for low-cost passive localization systems.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing spatial diversity from non-uniform sensor spacings.
- Constraining the maximum pairwise error probability to control outlier impact.
- Defining an admissible region for array selection incorporating practical constraints (element size, positioning accuracy).
Main Results:
- The proposed NULA design strategy yields improved DoA estimation accuracy compared to conventional methods.
- The constrained design effectively manages errors caused by outliers.
- Experimental results validate the enhanced performance of the proposed NULA configuration.
Conclusions:
- The flexible NULA design strategy provides a robust and accurate method for DoA estimation.
- The approach is particularly beneficial for low-cost passive localization systems requiring high accuracy.
- The method demonstrates superior performance over conventional NULA designs, especially under challenging SNR conditions.
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