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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

1.0K
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
1.0K
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
997
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
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Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

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[Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy(IMNM)].

Hiroyuki Tomimitsu1

  • 1Department of Neurology, JA Toride Medical Center.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|July 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a distinct autoimmune condition causing muscle weakness. Early diagnosis and tailored treatments are crucial for managing this serious neuromuscular disorder.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a recently classified autoimmune myopathy.
  • It presents as subacute progressive proximal muscle weakness.
  • Distinctive features include elevated serum creatine kinase and muscle fiber necrosis without significant inflammation.

Purpose:

  • To outline the classification, clinical presentation, and pathophysiology of IMNM.
  • To highlight the role of anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR antibodies in IMNM.
  • To discuss current and necessary treatment strategies for IMNM.

Summary:

  • IMNM is characterized by proximal muscle weakness, high creatine kinase levels, and necrotic muscle fibers.
  • Autoimmune factors, particularly antibodies against signal recognition particle (SRP) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), are implicated.

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Minimally Invasive Muscle Embedding MIME - A Novel Experimental Technique to Facilitate Donor-Cell-Mediated Myogenesis
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  • Immunomodulatory therapies are standard, with intensive treatments required for corticosteroid-resistant cases.

    • Impact:

    • Improved understanding of IMNM's autoimmune basis.
    • Guidance for diagnosis and management of IMNM patients.
    • Emphasis on the need for effective treatments in refractory IMNM cases.