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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

6.9K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
6.9K
One-Way ANOVA: Unequal Sample Sizes01:15

One-Way ANOVA: Unequal Sample Sizes

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One-way ANOVA can be performed on three or more samples of unequal sizes. However, calculations get complicated when sample sizes are not always the same. So, while performing ANOVA with unequal samples size, the following equation is used:
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One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes01:15

One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes

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One-Way ANOVA can be performed on three or more samples with equal or unequal sample sizes. When one-way ANOVA is performed on two datasets with samples of equal sizes, it can be easily observed that the computed F statistic is highly sensitive to the sample mean.
Different sample means can result in different values for the variance estimate: variance between samples. This is because the variance between samples is calculated as the product of the sample size and the variance between the...
3.3K
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

3.0K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
3.0K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

148
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
148
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

366
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in 3D Optical Imaging for Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment in Modern Research
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How Should We Approach Body Size Diversity in Clinical Trials?

Dania Pagarkar1, Erin Harrop2, Lisa Erlanger3

  • 1Fourth-year medical student at the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine in Los Angeles.

AMA Journal of Ethics
|July 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clinical trials must include diverse populations, including individuals with obesity, to address health disparities. Including larger-bodied participants in research is ethically imperative and likely to yield significant benefits, mirroring improvements seen with gender diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical research ethics
  • Health disparities
  • Participant diversity

Background:

  • Regulatory and ethical guidelines emphasize minority inclusion in research.
  • Clinical trials lack data on participation and outcomes for patients with obesity.
  • Underrepresentation of diverse body sizes in studies poses ethical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the underrepresentation of diverse body sizes in clinical research.
  • To review evidence and ethical arguments for including larger-bodied patients.
  • To explore potential benefits of body size diversity in clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing evidence on body size in clinical trials.
  • Analysis of ethical considerations for participant inclusion.
  • Examination of historical data on diversification in clinical research.

Main Results:

  • Clinical trials show a significant lack of body size diversity.
  • Evidence and ethical arguments support the inclusion of larger-bodied individuals.
  • Historical examples demonstrate benefits of increased participant diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Inclusion of larger-bodied patients in clinical research is ethically mandated.
  • Greater body size diversity in trials is likely to improve outcomes and generalizability.
  • Lessons from gender diversification can inform strategies for body size inclusion.