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Related Concept Videos

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Profiling of Methyltransferases and Other S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine-binding Proteins by Capture Compound Mass Spectrometry CCMS
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Global Profiling of Urinary Mercapturic Acids Using Integrated Library-Guided Analysis.

Zhengzhi Xie1,2,3,4, Jin Y Chen1,2,3,4, Hong Gao1,2,3,4

  • 1American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|July 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method to identify over 100 urinary mercapturic acids (MAs), including novel ones, revealing higher levels in smokers due to environmental toxicants.

Keywords:
LC-MSaliphaticsaromaticscigarettesexposomicsmercapturic acidsmercapturomicsxenobiotic exposure

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Proteomic Profile of EPS-Urine through FASP Digestion and Data-Independent Analysis
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Proteomic Profile of EPS-Urine through FASP Digestion and Data-Independent Analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Urinary mercapturic acids (MAs) are crucial biomarkers for assessing human exposure to environmental and occupational xenobiotics.
  • Previous untargeted methods for MA profiling had limitations in scope and accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an advanced library-guided workflow for comprehensive urinary MA profiling.
  • To identify and quantify known and novel MAs in human urine samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS).
  • Developed an integrated workflow with expanded assignment criteria and a curated library of 220 MAs.
  • Analyzed urine samples from 70 participants (40 nonsmokers, 30 smokers).

Main Results:

  • Putatively annotated 116 MAs from 63 precursors, including 25 previously unreported MAs.
  • Identified approximately 500 MA candidates per sample.
  • Found significantly elevated levels of 46 MAs in smokers, linked to cigarette smoke toxicants like acrolein and benzene.

Conclusions:

  • The developed workflow enables robust profiling of known and novel MAs from diverse sources.
  • Smokers exhibit increased levels of specific MAs, indicating higher exposure to certain environmental toxicants.
  • The method is adaptable for broader exposure-wide association studies.