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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

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Published on: April 14, 2014

Visual function resists early neurodegeneration in the visual system in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Sina C Rosenkranz¹, Lilija Gutmann¹, Arzu Ceylan Has Silemek¹

¹Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose (INIMS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry

|July 11, 2023

Summary

In primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), retinal neurodegeneration occurs before visual function decline. Serum NfL (sNfL) levels do not correlate with visual system damage in PPMS patients.

Keywords:

MRI multiple sclerosis neuroimmunology neuroophthalmology

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Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats

Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats

Published on: January 10, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Neurology

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) neurodegeneration impacts the visual system.
Pathomechanisms and long-term dynamics in primary progressive MS (PPMS) remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess longitudinal changes in visual function and retinal neurodegeneration in PPMS.
To investigate correlations between visual outcomes, MRI, and serum NfL (sNfL) levels.

Main Methods:

Prospective study of 81 PPMS patients and healthy controls over 2.7 years.
Assessed visual function (AULCSF), retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) via OCT, MRI, and sNfL.
Correlated changes over time and with disease progression.

Main Results:

PPMS patients showed reduced RNFL compared to controls.
Visual function (AULCSF) remained stable despite RNFL loss until a turning point.
AULCSF progression correlated with increased Expanded Disability Status Scale scores.
sNfL levels were elevated but stable and not associated with visual outcomes.

Conclusions:

Neurodegeneration in the anterior visual system precedes functional impairment in PPMS.
Visual function is maintained until a specific threshold of neurodegeneration is reached.
sNfL is not a reliable biomarker for structural or functional visual system damage in PPMS.