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Related Concept Videos

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis01:30

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

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Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a phototrophic process that captures light energy to drive carbon fixation without producing molecular oxygen. Unlike oxygenic photosynthesis, which utilizes water as an electron donor and releases oxygen, anoxygenic phototrophs use alternative electron donors such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), elemental sulfur (S⁰), or thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻). This process is carried out by diverse groups of bacteria, including purple bacteria, green...
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Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
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Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Measuring Photophysiology of Attached Stage of Colacium sp. by a Cuvette-Type Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer
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Calcifying Coccolithophore: An Evolutionary Advantage Against Extracellular Oxidative Damage.

Minjun Yang1, Christopher Batchelor-McAuley1, Samuel Barton2

  • 1Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, Great Britain.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phytoplankton calcification, the creation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shells, may offer survival advantages. Experiments show CaCO3 shells protect these marine organisms from harmful oxidants in seawater.

Keywords:
calcium carbonatecoccolithophorefluoroelectrochemical measurementsoxidative damagereactive oxygen species

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Phytoplankton research

Background:

  • The evolutionary benefits of calcification in phytoplankton are not well understood.
  • Phytoplankton are crucial primary producers in marine ecosystems.
  • Calcification involves the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protective role of phytoplankton calcification against oxidative stress.
  • To determine if CaCO3 shells provide a survival advantage in harsh marine environments.

Main Methods:

  • Fluoroelectrochemical experiments were conducted on Coccolithus braarudii.
  • The study compared calcified coccolithophores with deshelled equivalents.
  • Protection was assessed by measuring the switch-off time of the chlorophyll signal.

Main Results:

  • The presence of a CaCO3 shell significantly protected Coccolithus braarudii against extracellular oxidants.
  • Calcified phytoplankton exhibited a longer chlorophyll signal switch-off time compared to deshelled cells.
  • This suggests a survival benefit conferred by the CaCO3 shell.

Conclusions:

  • Calcification in phytoplankton, specifically the CaCO3 shell, offers a defense mechanism against oxidative stress.
  • This finding provides insight into the evolutionary advantages of calcification for phytoplankton survival in surface waters.
  • The study highlights the role of biomineralization in enhancing organism resilience to environmental challenges.