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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy
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Sickle Cell Trait: Is It Always Benign?

Tyiesha Sharron Brown1, Rachaita Lakra1, Samip Master2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.

Journal of Hematology
|July 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sickle cell trait (SCT) patients, typically asymptomatic, can rarely develop osteonecrosis (ON). This case series highlights three SCT patients experiencing bone pain and diagnosed with ON, emphasizing the need for broader differential diagnoses.

Keywords:
OsteonecrosisSickle cell diseaseSickle cell trait

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Orthopedics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a severe inherited hemoglobinopathy causing vaso-occlusion and hemolysis.
  • Sickle cell trait (SCT), the heterozygous state, is generally considered asymptomatic with minimal clinical significance.

Observation:

  • A case series involving three unrelated patients aged 27-61 years with confirmed SCT.
  • Patients presented with significant pain in multiple long bones.
  • Radiographic imaging revealed osteonecrosis (ON) in the affected bones.

Findings:

  • Hemoglobin electrophoresis confirmed sickle cell trait (SCT) in all three patients.
  • Despite lacking typical sickle cell disease markers, patients developed osteonecrosis (ON).
  • Two patients required bilateral hip replacement for pain management.

Implications:

  • Vaso-occlusive disease and osteonecrosis (ON) are rare but possible complications in sickle cell trait (SCT).
  • Clinicians should consider SCT in the differential diagnosis for osteonecrosis, even without overt hemolysis.
  • Further investigation into alternative hemoglobinopathies and risk factors for ON in SCT patients is warranted.