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Gas-assisted microfluidic step-emulsification for generating micron- and submicron-sized droplets.

Biao Huang1, Xinjin Ge2, Boris Y Rubinstein3

  • 1Department of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 ZhongGuanCunNan Street, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100081 China.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering
|July 12, 2023
PubMed
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A new gas-assisted method creates uniform, submicron droplets for biomedical uses. This technique enhances production rates and allows emulsification of viscous liquids, overcoming limitations of previous microfluidic methods.

Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Emulsification science
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Micron- and submicron-sized droplets are crucial for biomedical diagnosis and drug delivery.
  • Existing microfluidic coflow step-emulsification methods face limitations in droplet size control and production rates, especially for viscous fluids.
  • The droplet diameter is constrained by microchannel height, and production rates are limited by the capillary number.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel gas-assisted coflow step-emulsification method for enhanced droplet generation.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional all-liquid biphasic step-emulsification.
  • To achieve higher production rates and emulsify highly viscous liquids.

Main Methods:

  • A gas-assisted coflow step-emulsification technique was developed using a hollow-core air/oil/water emulsion.
Keywords:
NanofluidicsNanoparticles

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  • Air, as the innermost phase, diffuses out, leading to the formation of oil droplets.
  • The method utilizes the scaling laws of triphasic step-emulsification for droplet size control.

    • Main Results:

    • The novel method achieved minimal droplet sizes unattainable with standard biphasic methods, reaching .
    • Production rates per channel were an order of magnitude higher than standard methods and superior to alternatives.
    • The technique successfully generated micron- and submicron-sized droplets from high-viscosity fluids due to low gas viscosity.

    Conclusions:

    • The gas-assisted coflow step-emulsification method offers a versatile and efficient approach for producing uniform micron- and submicron-sized droplets.
    • This method significantly improves production rates and expands the applicability to highly viscous fluids.
    • The technique holds promise for advancing applications in biomedical diagnosis and drug delivery.