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Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

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The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the...
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Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

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Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
1.9K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis

4.0K
Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
4.0K
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

2.1K
Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo,...
2.1K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
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Recent Progress in Azobenzene-Based Supramolecular Materials and Applications.

Muhammad Younis1, Sadia Ahmad1, Atia Atiq2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|July 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores azobenzene-based supramolecular nanomaterials, highlighting their photoresponsive properties and applications in sensing and CO2 capture. These materials offer simple synthesis and reproducible results for advanced material science.

Keywords:
CO2 capturingazobenzenepolymerssensingsmall moleculessupramolecular materials

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Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Supramolecular nanomaterials are gaining traction due to their straightforward synthesis, predictable mechanisms, and reproducibility.
  • Azobenzene moieties are key functional units that enable light-responsive switching of material properties.
  • These materials are crucial for developing advanced functional systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in supramolecular nano- and micro-materials incorporating azobenzene units.
  • To discuss various classes of azobenzene-containing small molecules and polymers used in material assembly.
  • To highlight applications in pH sensing and carbon dioxide capture.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of azobenzene-containing small molecules and polymers.
  • Analysis of supramolecular assembly strategies including host-guest systems, co-assembly, and self-assembly.
  • Examination of polymerization-induced self-assembly and post-polymerization assembly techniques.

Main Results:

  • Azobenzene units enable precise control over photophysical properties in supramolecular materials.
  • Diverse supramolecular architectures can be constructed using azobenzene-containing small molecules and polymers.
  • Successful applications demonstrated in pH sensing and CO2 capture technologies.

Conclusions:

  • Azobenzene-based supramolecular materials offer significant potential for molecular assembly and functional applications.
  • Future research should focus on expanding design strategies and exploring novel applications.
  • Continued development is crucial for harnessing the full capabilities of these photoresponsive systems.