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Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
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A Generational Shift: Race and the Declining Lifetime Risk of Imprisonment.
Jason P Robey1, Michael Massoglia2, Michael T Light2
1School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany (SUNY), Albany, NY, USA.
Demography
|July 12, 2023
Summary
Recent declines in U.S. imprisonment rates show significant decarceration. For Black men, lifetime incarceration risk has halved, with fewer expected to be imprisoned than graduate college.
Area of Science:
- Criminology
- Sociology
- Demography
Background:
- Mass incarceration profoundly impacted American men's life trajectories.
- Recent sustained declines in imprisonment prompt examination of current generational effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- Assess the scope and impact of decarceration in the United States.
- Analyze changes in lifetime incarceration risks and young adulthood institutional experiences.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of incarceration rates from 1999 to 2019 across all U.S. states.
- Life table analysis to estimate lifetime risks of incarceration for different birth cohorts.
- Comparison of incarceration versus college graduation rates for young Black men.
Main Results:
- Black male incarceration rate decreased by 44% between 1999 and 2019 nationwide.
- Lifetime incarceration risk for Black men declined by nearly half over the study period.
- By 2019, young Black men were more likely to graduate college than be imprisoned, a reversal from 2009.
Conclusions:
- Decarceration has significantly reduced the role of prison in young adulthood for recent generations.
- The lifetime risk of imprisonment has substantially decreased for Black men.
- These trends indicate a shift away from the peak era of mass incarceration.
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