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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
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cAMP responsive element modulator α promotes effector T cells in systemic autoimmune diseases.

Emil Carlsson1, Taylor Cowell-McGlory1, Christian M Hedrich1,2,3

  • 1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Immunology
|July 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Increased cAMP responsive element modulator α (CREMα) in T cells is linked to autoimmune diseases like lupus and psoriasis. This transcription factor may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for these inflammatory conditions.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • T lymphocytes are vital for adaptive immunity.
  • Dysregulated T cell cytokine expression and loss of self-tolerance drive autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriasis.
  • The transcription factor cAMP responsive element modulator α (CREMα) is critical for T cell homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CREMα in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
  • To explore CREMα as a potential biomarker for disease activity.
  • To evaluate CREMα as a therapeutic target for inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T cell homeostasis and function.
  • Assessment of CREMα expression in T cells.
  • Investigation of CREMα's regulatory role in effector molecule expression.
  • Evaluation of epigenetic modifier recruitment by CREMα.

Main Results:

  • Increased CREMα expression is a characteristic feature of T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases, including SLE and psoriasis.
  • CREMα regulates effector molecule expression via trans-regulation and co-recruitment of epigenetic modifiers (DNMT3a, G9a, p300).

Conclusions:

  • CREMα plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
  • CREMα represents a potential biomarker for disease activity in SLE and psoriasis.
  • Targeting CREMα may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.