Serum Cathepsin D was Elevated in Patients with Limb Lymphedema

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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

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Published on: January 12, 2017

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Qian Meng, Xue Zhang, Man Zhang

    Clinical Laboratory
    |July 12, 2023
    PubMed

    Insights

    This study identified elevated serum proteins, including Cathepsin D (CTSD), in lymphedema patients. CTSD shows promise as a diagnostic biomarker for lymphedema, correlating with disease severity.

    Area of Science:

    • Proteomics
    • Biomarker Discovery
    • Clinical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Lymphedema (LE) is a chronic, disabling condition with unclear pathogenesis.
    • Current diagnostic methods lack specific serum protein biomarkers.
    • This study aimed to identify serum proteins for LE diagnosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To screen and identify differentially expressed serum proteins in limb lymphedema.
    • To evaluate the diagnostic value of identified proteins for lymphedema.
    • To explore the relationship between protein levels and disease severity.

    Main Methods:

    • Serum samples from primary lymphedema (PLE), secondary lymphedema (SLE), and normal controls (NC) were analyzed using Nano RPLC-MS/MS.
    • Differentially expressed proteins were identified, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed.
    • Cathepsin D (CTSD) was validated using Western blot and ELISA, with diagnostic performance assessed by ROC curves.

    Main Results:

    • 362 serum proteins were identified, with 241 differentially expressed between LE and NC groups.
    • Cathepsin D (CTSD) was significantly upregulated in PLE and SLE patients.
    • CTSD demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (AUCs 0.849 for PLE, 0.880 for SLE) and correlated positively with disease severity in PLE.

    Conclusions:

    • Proteomic analysis revealed elevated serum proteins associated with cornified envelope formation in lymphedema.
    • Serum CTSD is highly expressed in lymphedema patients.
    • CTSD exhibits significant potential as a diagnostic biomarker for limb lymphedema.
    Abstract

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