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Related Concept Videos

Centrifugation01:05

Centrifugation

2.3K
Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
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Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

7.1K
The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
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Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

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Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
5.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Cell Fractionation of U937 Cells by Isopycnic Density Gradient Purification
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Liquid solution centrifugation for safe, scalable, and efficient isotope separation.

Joseph F Wild1, Heng Chen2, Keyue Liang1

  • 1Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.

Science Advances
|July 12, 2023
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Summary

A novel liquid centrifugation method efficiently separates isotopes for most elements. This technique achieves high selectivity, surpassing conventional methods and demonstrating scalability for applications like calcium-48 enrichment.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Isotope separation is crucial for various scientific and industrial applications.
  • Conventional methods often face limitations in efficiency, scalability, and applicability to a wide range of elements.
  • Developing advanced separation techniques is essential for accessing enriched isotopes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a general and efficient method for isotope separation using liquid centrifugation.
  • To demonstrate the broad applicability and high separation factors achievable with this technique.
  • To validate the method through experimental data and theoretical modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Centrifuging dissolved chemical compounds in a liquid medium.
  • Applying the technique to various isotopic systems, including Calcium (Ca), Molybdenum (Mo), Oxygen (O), and Lithium (Li).
  • Deriving mathematical equations to model the isotope separation process.

Main Results:

  • Achieved single-stage selectivities ranging from 1.046 to 1.067 per neutron mass difference.
  • Demonstrated a three-stage enrichment of Calcium-48 (48Ca) with a total 40Ca/48Ca selectivity of 2.43.
  • Experimental results showed strong agreement with the derived theoretical models.

Conclusions:

  • The liquid centrifugation method offers a versatile and highly effective approach for isotope separation.
  • The technique exhibits significant advantages over conventional methods in terms of separation factors and applicability.
  • Scalability and potential for continuous processing through countercurrent centrifugation suggest broad industrial relevance.