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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Epistasis Analysis01:09

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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
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[Epigenetics, principles and examples of applications].

C Dion1, C Laberthonnière2, F Magdinier3

  • 1Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, 13000 Marseille, France; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, United Kingdom; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|July 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics, the study of gene-environment interactions, explains how traits develop beyond DNA sequence. This research explores epigenetic principles, their physiological roles, and medical implications.

Keywords:
AgeingChromatinChromatineDNA methylationDérive épigénétique, PathologieEpigenetic driftEpigeneticsEpigénétiqueHistone modificationsModification des histonesMéthylation de l’ADNPathologyVieillissement

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • The discovery of DNA highlighted the need to understand gene-to-phenotype mechanisms.
  • Epigenetics, defined as "above the DNA sequence," studies how gene-environment interactions shape traits.
  • Conrad H. Waddington introduced epigenetics in the 1950s to describe developmental processes.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the fundamental principles of epigenetic regulation.
  • To explore the dynamic roles of epigenetics throughout an organism's lifespan.
  • To discuss the significant implications of epigenetics in various medical fields.

Summary:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms regulate crucial genome transactions, including transcription, replication, and repair.
  • These processes are coordinated by complex biological pathways.
  • Understanding epigenetics is key to comprehending gene expression and its impact on health.

Impact:

  • Advances in understanding epigenetic processes enhance our knowledge of physiology and disease.
  • Epigenetic insights offer potential for novel therapeutic strategies in medicine.
  • This field continues to evolve, revealing the intricate layers of biological regulation.