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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
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Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
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Brain network communication: concepts, models and applications.

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Neuroscience research is exploring new brain network communication models beyond shortest paths. This review organizes these models, linking graph theory to neural signaling for better understanding brain function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Network Science
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Advances in connectomics and network neuroscience enable studying complex brain networks.
  • Traditional models assumed brain communication exclusively follows shortest paths.
  • Recent findings challenge this assumption, necessitating new network communication models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey recent developments in brain network communication models.
  • To provide a taxonomy of network communication models and measures.
  • To highlight applications and guide future research in network neuroscience.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual linkage between graph theory mathematics and biological neural signaling (e.g., transmission delays, metabolic cost).
  • Organization of key network communication models and measures into a taxonomy.
  • Review of prominent applications across basic, cognitive, and clinical neurosciences.

Main Results:

  • A taxonomy is presented to help researchers navigate diverse network communication models.
  • The pros, cons, and interpretations of various connectome signaling conceptualizations are highlighted.
  • Network communication models are shown to be a flexible framework for studying brain function.

Conclusions:

  • Network communication models offer a tractable and interpretable framework for neuroscience research.
  • Future research should focus on the development, application, and validation of these models.
  • Understanding polysynaptic communication is crucial for advancing neuroscience.