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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
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Immune-mediated encephalitis

Thomas Rossor1, Ming Lim1,2

  • 1Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|July 12, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric neurological deterioration often involves immune system dysfunction. This review explores immune-mediated encephalopathies, diagnostic criteria, and advanced molecular tools for better understanding and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Neurological deterioration in children poses diagnostic challenges.
  • Dysregulated immune responses are increasingly implicated in various neurological conditions.
  • Immune-mediated encephalopathies require specific diagnostic and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of immune-mediated encephalopathies in children.
  • To discuss pediatric-specific diagnostic criteria and testing advancements.
  • To explore future directions in diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on immune-mediated encephalopathies.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and testing methodologies.
  • Examination of expanding phenotypes and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Immune-mediated encephalopathies encompass a growing spectrum of conditions.
  • New antibodies and unique imaging features are being identified.
  • Evidence base for managing rare conditions is developing.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated encephalopathies are crucial.
  • Advanced molecular investigations hold promise for future understanding and treatment.
  • Multinational consensus and data analysis guide current immune treatments.

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