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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
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A TGF-β-responsive enhancer regulates SRC expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated cell migration.

Soshi Noshita1, Yuki Kubo1, Kentaro Kajiwara1

  • 1Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Journal of Cell Science
|July 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) upregulates SRC expression via an enhancer, promoting cancer invasion and metastasis. This pathway involves SMAD and JUN, crucial for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell migration.

Keywords:
Cancer cellCell migrationEnhancerEpithelial–mesenchymal transitionSRCTGF-β

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC is overexpressed in cancers, driving invasion and metastasis.
  • Mechanisms of SRC upregulation in cancer remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) induces SRC expression.
  • To investigate the role of TGF-β-induced SRC upregulation in cancer progression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized MCF10A human breast epithelial cells for TGF-β1 stimulation.
  • Performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing to identify enhancer regions.
  • Analyzed the role of SMAD and JUN in regulating SRC expression.

Main Results:

  • TGF-β induces SRC expression transcriptionally by activating an intragenic SRC enhancer.
  • TGF-β1 upregulates the SRC 1A promoter, increasing SRC mRNA and protein.
  • SMAD complex and JUN are recruited to SRC enhancers, mediating TGF-β-induced SRC expression.
  • TGF-β-induced SRC upregulation activates the SRC-FAK circuit, promoting EMT-associated cell migration.

Conclusions:

  • TGF-β signaling drives SRC upregulation through enhancer activation, contributing to cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
  • The identified TGF-β-SRC pathway is a potential therapeutic target for specific human malignancies.