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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Chirality-controlled spin scattering through quantum interference.

Jan M van Ruitenbeek1, Richard Korytár2, Ferdinand Evers3

  • 1Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, NL-2333CA Leiden, Netherlands.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|July 13, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a simple model explaining chirality-induced spin selectivity. It reveals spin-dependent backscattering as a key mechanism, offering insights into electron behavior in chiral systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) is experimentally observed but lacks a unified theoretical explanation.
  • Understanding CISS is crucial for developing novel spintronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a simplified theoretical model for CISS.
  • To elucidate the fundamental mechanism behind spin-selective scattering in chiral systems.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a model system: a free-electron wire with a helical array of scattering centers.
  • Analytical derivation of spin scattering rates.
  • Analysis of partial wave interference effects.

Main Results:

  • Forward scattering rates are spin-independent.
  • Backscattering exhibits significant spin dependence over broad energy ranges.
  • Spin-selective scattering arises from constructive interference of partial waves influenced by spin-orbit interaction.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model provides a clear, analytical explanation for CISS.
  • The findings highlight a potential mechanism for spin selectivity in chiral materials.
  • This work offers a foundation for further theoretical and experimental investigations into CISS.