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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) treatment options include botulinum toxin injections for temporary relief and microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery for a potential cure. Patient awareness and surgical optimization are key to improving MVD utilization for HFS.
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