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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

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Mother's psychopathological conditions and parenting characteristics according to smoke exposure

Esma Altinel Açoğlu1, Beril Aydin2, Emel Isiyel3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

International Journal of Environmental Health Research
|July 13, 2023
PubMed

The study aims to investigate the relationship between maternal smoking and smoke exposure with the mother's parenting attitude and psychopathological conditions in the absence of any health problems in the mother-child pairs. A descriptive form consisting of 27 questions, a "Parental Attitude Scale", and a "Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale" was applied by mothers with children aged 2 to 6 years. Of the 450 voluntary mothers included in the study, 107 (23.8%) had environmental smoke exposure and 69 (15.0%) were smokers. The highest quartile of democratic subscores was associated with maternal smoking and smoke exposure when confounding factors were controlled. Compared to non-smokers and unexposed, the adjusted odds ratio of having abnormal anxiety scale subscores was 3.90 [95% CI: 1.69-8.97] for smokers. When parenting types were included, mothers' smoking status and overprotective subscores were found to be associated with anxiety. There is an interaction among mothers' smoking, parenting types, and anxiety scores.

Keywords:
anxietydepressionparenting attitudessmokestress

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