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Experimental evidence on the productivity effects of generative artificial intelligence
1Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 13, 2023
Summary
Generative artificial intelligence (AI), like ChatGPT, significantly boosts professional writing productivity, reducing task time by 40% and improving quality by 18%. This AI tool also decreased worker inequality and increased its adoption post-experiment.
Area of Science:
- Artificial Intelligence
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Labor Economics
Background:
- Generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT, are increasingly integrated into professional workflows.
- Understanding the quantifiable impact of these AI technologies on worker productivity is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the productivity effects of the generative AI chatbot ChatGPT on midlevel professional writing tasks.
- To measure changes in task completion time, output quality, and worker inequality.
Main Methods:
- A preregistered online experiment involving 453 college-educated professionals.
- Randomized controlled trial assigning writing tasks, with half the participants exposed to ChatGPT.
- Incentivized tasks to ensure genuine effort and performance measurement.
Main Results:
- ChatGPT exposure led to a 40% decrease in average task time.
- Output quality increased by an average of 18% for users of ChatGPT.
- AI adoption increased, with exposed workers being 2x more likely to use ChatGPT post-experiment and 1.6x more likely after two months.
- Observed a decrease in inequality between workers and temporary increases in AI-related emotions.
Conclusions:
- Generative AI, exemplified by ChatGPT, offers substantial productivity gains in professional writing.
- The study highlights the potential for AI to reduce performance disparities among workers.
- Findings suggest a lasting impact on AI adoption and usage in professional settings.
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