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Mpox: Rapid Evidence Review.
Aaron Saguil1, Lindy Krebs1, Ulyee Choe2
1University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
American Family Physician
|July 13, 2023
Summary
Mpox, a viral disease similar to smallpox, saw a global surge in 2022, primarily affecting men who have sex with men. While typically mild, mpox can lead to severe complications, necessitating awareness of transmission and available vaccines.
Area of Science:
- * Virology: Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a DNA virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus, sharing similarities with smallpox virus.
Background:
- * Epidemiology: Mpox, once endemic to specific African regions, experienced a significant global increase in cases during 2022, with over 30,000 reported in the United States.
- * Demographics: Worldwide, 98% of reported mpox cases in 2022 were among men who have sex with men.
- * Transmission: The primary mode of mpox transmission is through direct contact with infectious skin lesions.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To provide an overview of mpox, including its characteristics, transmission, clinical presentation, and management strategies.
- * To highlight the availability and considerations for mpox vaccination and antiviral treatments.
Main Methods:
- * Literature Review: Synthesis of information on mpox epidemiology, clinical features, and therapeutic options.
- * Clinical Data Summary: Compilation of reported case numbers, demographic trends, and outcomes in the United States and globally.
Main Results:
- * Clinical Manifestation: The mpox rash is typically vesiculopustular, potentially affecting the anogenital area, face, trunk, limbs, palms, and soles.
- * Vaccination: Two vaccines, Jynneos and ACAM2000, are available for mpox prophylaxis, with specific recommendations based on immune status and health conditions.
- * Treatment: Antiviral medications like tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir are options for severe or high-risk mpox cases.
Conclusions:
- * Disease Course: Mpox is generally a mild, self-limiting illness for most individuals.
- * Complications: Potential complications include severe pain, secondary bacterial infections, dehydration, encephalitis, keratitis, and respiratory distress.
- * Mortality: A small number of deaths have been reported in the United States related to mpox infections.
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