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Mpox: Rapid Evidence Review.

Aaron Saguil1, Lindy Krebs1, Ulyee Choe2

  • 1University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.

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Mpox, a viral disease similar to smallpox, saw a global surge in 2022, primarily affecting men who have sex with men. While typically mild, mpox can lead to severe complications, necessitating awareness of transmission and available vaccines.

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Area of Science:

  • * Virology: Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a DNA virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus, sharing similarities with smallpox virus.

Background:

  • * Epidemiology: Mpox, once endemic to specific African regions, experienced a significant global increase in cases during 2022, with over 30,000 reported in the United States.
  • * Demographics: Worldwide, 98% of reported mpox cases in 2022 were among men who have sex with men.
  • * Transmission: The primary mode of mpox transmission is through direct contact with infectious skin lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To provide an overview of mpox, including its characteristics, transmission, clinical presentation, and management strategies.
  • * To highlight the availability and considerations for mpox vaccination and antiviral treatments.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature Review: Synthesis of information on mpox epidemiology, clinical features, and therapeutic options.
  • * Clinical Data Summary: Compilation of reported case numbers, demographic trends, and outcomes in the United States and globally.

Main Results:

  • * Clinical Manifestation: The mpox rash is typically vesiculopustular, potentially affecting the anogenital area, face, trunk, limbs, palms, and soles.
  • * Vaccination: Two vaccines, Jynneos and ACAM2000, are available for mpox prophylaxis, with specific recommendations based on immune status and health conditions.
  • * Treatment: Antiviral medications like tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir are options for severe or high-risk mpox cases.

Conclusions:

  • * Disease Course: Mpox is generally a mild, self-limiting illness for most individuals.
  • * Complications: Potential complications include severe pain, secondary bacterial infections, dehydration, encephalitis, keratitis, and respiratory distress.
  • * Mortality: A small number of deaths have been reported in the United States related to mpox infections.