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Significance of Thyroglobulin Autoantibodies in Patients With Thyroid Cancer Treated With Lenvatinib

Daniele Sgrò1, Piercarlo Rossi2, Paolo Piaggi3

  • 1Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy.

Journal of the Endocrine Society
|July 13, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) can serve as a reliable marker for monitoring treatment response in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC) patients receiving lenvatinib, despite limitations with thyroglobulin (Tg) testing.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is a key tumor marker for differentiated thyroid carcinomas.
  • Lenvatinib treatment in radioiodine-refractory DTC (RAIR-DTC) correlates with reduced Tg levels.
  • Thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) can interfere with Tg measurements, limiting clinical utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess if TgAb can act as a surrogate marker for Tg in monitoring lenvatinib treatment response in RAIR-DTC patients.
  • To correlate Tg and TgAb levels with radiological response to lenvatinib therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of RAIR-DTC patients treated with lenvatinib.
  • Correlation of serum Tg and TgAb levels with radiological response (RECIST) across follow-up visits.
  • Selection of patients with detectable TgAb for detailed analysis.

Main Results:

  • Tg levels did not correlate with TgAb titers or radiological response.
  • Decreased TgAb titers correlated with favorable radiological response to lenvatinib at 1 and 6 months.
  • Patients with partial response showed significantly greater TgAb reduction compared to stable or progressive disease.

Conclusions:

  • TgAb evaluation may be a reliable surrogate marker for tracking RAIR-DTC response to lenvatinib.
  • Further multicentric studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Keywords:
differentiated thyroid carcinomalenvatinibradioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancerthyroglobulin autoantibodies

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